Metabolic syndrome X is called such because the risk factors of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia cluster together, representing a syndrome rather than a single entity or disease. Metabolic syndrome X is frequently called metabolic syndrome in the cardiovascular field, identifying the increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The causes of metabolic syndrome X are unknown however there are three factors that are attributed to the development of metabolic syndrome: inherited genes, being overweight, and physical inactivity. Insulin resistance is thought to be an inherited genetic tendency that becomes exacerbated by a lack of physical activity and weight gain. Evidence also suggests that a diet high in carbohydrates (60% of daily caloric intake from carbohydrates) can lead to metabolic syndrome X.
The metabolic syndrome X symptoms of hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are also risk factors for CVD and diabetes. Compounding the risk of CVD is the increased risk and prevalence of CVD amongst diabetics, making metabolic syndrome particularly grave.
Metabolic Syndrome X Diet
Studies have shown that people are more likely to lose weight when supported by a trainer, dietician, or group. To lose weight the National Institutes of Health suggests eating 500 – 1,000 less calories per day. This can be accomplished by eating a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean meats and fish. The Mayo Clinic recommends eliminating table salt and fried foods, using herbs and spices instead of salts and fats (butter and oil) for flavor. When eating out ask for sauces, dressings, and oils on the side to cut back on consumption of fats and salts and avoid eating fats and carbohydrates in combination. The National Heart and Lung and Blood Institute recommends the DASH Eating Plan, designed to lower blood pressure, for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic Syndrome X Prevention & Treatment
Lifestyle changes are the first preventative measure that can be taken against metabolic syndrome. Namely, losing weight and becoming more physically active are the two greatest preventative measures that individuals can take. The NIH recommends goal weight loss of 7-10% of current weight, losing no more than one to two pounds a week. 150 minutes of exercise per week is a good goal. Group fitness classes help improve endurance, keeping movements challenging in a supportive environment. When selecting a physical activity, chose one you enjoy as you are more likely to exercise if you have fun doing it. Before embarking on a weight loss or exercise program it is important to consult your doctor. Clinical treatment programs focus on lowering LDL cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes prevention, which may or may not require a form of drug therapy.
