The A1C (HBA1C) test for diabetes is used to measure blood glucose control for the past 2.3 months, to determine how well a person is managing their diabetes. For those without diabetes, A1C range of 4.5 to 6 percent is considered normal. The higher the number is, the more uncontrolled the diabetes. It is recommended that even people who have good control over their diabetes should take the test at least twice a year, using the results to adjust medications and diet, if necessary. Those with greater concerns or problematic symptoms should be tested every three months. It is still important to test blood sugar levels daily; this does not replace daily testing.
How Does an A1C Test Work?
The test examines the hemoglobin in your blood to show where you fit into the diabetes A1C range. This is a substance in the red blood cells that carries oxygen through the body. If diabetes is present and blood sugar is high, that sugar attaches to the hemoglobin, causing it to become “glycated” (A1C is also known as a glycated hemoglobin test). The A1C level in the hemoglobin gives the blood sugar picture for about the past three months. As mentioned before, a diabetes A1C range of 4.5-6 percent is considered normal for those with no signs of diabetes. A test result between 5.7 and 6.4 percent indicates prediabetes, which means a high risk of developing the disease. Results of 6.5 percent or higher on two different tests indicate that diabetes is present, and higher levels are found in those with long-term untreated diabetes. Some substances and pre-existing conditions may give false A1C readings. Diseases such as anemia (which affects hemoglobin) might skew the results, as can kidney and liver disease. Vitamins C and E, if taken as supplements, may give false readings, as can high cholesterol.
A1C and Glucose Control
While daily testing gives a blood sugar reading at a precise moment (such as before and after meals), the A1C test and diabetes A1C range can provide the overall picture of how effective a treatment plan is. It helps confirm self tests and other blood test results, and will show how a wholesome lifestyle (good diet, exercise, no tobacco) has a long-term effect on controlling glucose and diabetes. A healthy diet includes fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole wheat flour and wheat bran. Include “healthy fats” such as olive and peanut oils, avocados, almonds and walnuts, and plenty of water. Avoid fried, fatty, and processed foods, sugary sweets and soda. Restrict caffeine and alcohol. Using the A1C test and diabetes A1C range along with daily testing gives a person better control over their diabetes for daily and long-term management and a healthy life.
